What is definition of taxonomy and practical significance of taxonomy

IMPORTANT POINTS ABOUT TAXONOMY

We known and described range of organisms 1.7-1.8 millions of species. Such as 1.2 millions found in animals , 0.5 millions plants and other microbes. Maximum diversity found in trofical rainforest and coral reefs. 

TAXONOMY 

Term proposed by A.PDe Candole in his books. Father of taxonomy Carolus Linnaeus. Taxonomy term means arrangement of organisms according to scientific rule. Taxonomy includes some process like Identification , Characterization, Nomenclature and Classification. First process of taxonomy is identification of plants and second is characterization. Systematics is formed by Taxonomy + Phylogeny. This term proposed by Linnaeus. Linnaeus used system naturae as a title of his publication. Modern taxonomy is Ecological information and development process. Studied about Internal structure(Anatomy) and External structure(Morphology) of the cell. 

TYPES OF TAXONOMY 

1. Chemo taxonomy - : Taxonomy based on chemical constituents of plants. Like - Ammino acids, Organic acids, Polysaccherides etc. 

2. Cytotaxonomy -: Taxonomy based on cytological structure. Like Taxonomy based on chromosal number, structure behaviour and other. 

PRACTICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF TAXONOMY 

Identification of organisms by following 

⦁ NOMENCLATURE -: Process of naming according to International scientific rule. Father of binomial nomenclature is Carolus Linnaeus. First accepted nomenclature is ICBN stands for International code of Botanical nomenclature in 1961. 

⦁ Tautonyms are vallid in ICZN( stands for International code of zoological nomenclature) not vallid in ICBN.

RULES OF ICBN 

⦁ Each biological name consists of two words. First word Generic and second is Specific epithat . 

⦁ First letter of Generic name should be Capital and second letter of Generic name Specific epithat should be in small. 

⦁ When hand written/typed scientific name should be underline separately or print in italics. 

⦁ Name of scientist should be in abbreviated form (short form) neither underlined nor italicised. 

⦁ Scientist name should be derived from Latin / Greek language.